linux硬盘分区，LVS分区扩容，挂载mount
前言：前段时间gitlab服务器挂了，看了一下日志，提示空间满了。 df -m看了一下硬盘，满了。所以想来操作加一块盘上来。
完成下面的操作后: 硬盘使用30%
root@ubuntu:/home/liwei# df -m
Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev 1951 0 1951 0% /dev
tmpfs 395 12 383 3% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root 78004 21704 52836 30% /
tmpfs 1972 2 1971 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5 0 5 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 1972 0 1972 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 472 160 288 36% /boot
tmpfs 1 0 1 0% /run/lxcfs/controllers
tmpfs 395 1 395 1% /run/user/112
tmpfs 395 0 395 0% /run/user/0
下面我们进入正题：
1.fdisk -l 察看所有分区
Disk /dev/sda: 60 GiB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe868d67b
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 999423 997376 487M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1001470 62912511 61911042 29.5G 5 Extended
/dev/sda3 62912512 125829119 62916608 30G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda5 1001472 62912511 61911040 29.5G 8e Linux LVM
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe4879f9e
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 41943039 41940992 20G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: 77.5 GiB, 83231768576 bytes, 162562048 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
2.fdisk /dev/sdb1 对分区进行分区，使用m参看命令（PS：/sdb1，自己来看，判断对哪个进行分区，或者使用m命令,按F看有没有空间剩余）
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help):
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (m for help): F
3.n 新建分区，p为主分区，一路回车。
4.t选择分区分类，输入8e代表逻辑分区，w保存。
下面有一个类型对照表：
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Rufus alignment
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fb VMware VMFS
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fc VMware VMKCORE
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fd Linux raid auto
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fe LANstep
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
硬盘分区设置完成以后，一般需要将系统重启以使设置生效，如果不想重启系统，可以使用“partprobe”命令使操作系统获知新的分区表情况。
例：执行partprobe命令重新探测“/dev/sdb”磁盘中分区情况的变化。
5.格式化分区：mkfs -V -t ext4 -c /dev/sdb1
命令：
mkfs
格式：
mkfs –t 文件系统类型 分区设备
参数：
-t : 给定档案系统的型式，Linux 的预设值为 ext2
-c : 在制做档案系统前，检查该partition 是否有坏轨
-V : 详细显示模式
例：
将/dev/sdb1格式化为ext4文件系统，同时检查是否有坏轨存在，并且将过程详细列出来 :
mkfs -V -t ext4 -c /dev/sdb1
将/dev/sdb5格式化为fat32文件系统。
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdb5
在这之前可以使用 df -Th 来看一下所需要扩展的分区的类型，是ext4，所以选择ext4
`pvcreate /dev/sdb1`
建为物理卷
6.pvs察看可用的LVS卷组， 组名，lvdisplay + 组名可以看出卷的详细信息
root@ubuntu:/home/liwei# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda3 lvm2 --- 30.00g 30.00g
/dev/sda5 ubuntu-vg lvm2 a-- 29.52g 0
/dev/sdb1 ubuntu-vg lvm2 a-- 20.00g 0
vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sdb1 来扩展组
7.使用cat /etc/fstab 来查看需要扩容的分卷名称。
root@ubuntu:/home/liwei# cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=1df9dfd2-3dd9-4621-b6c7-580785db146b /boot ext2 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0
我们需要扩容的是dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root
8.使用lvextend -L +20G /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root /dev/sdb1来进行扩容
这条命令的意思是，给/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root添加20G的容量，使用/dev/sdb1的空间来扩容。
9.使用/sbin/resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root 把新分配的空间进行生效
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